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可能存在九号星球,但它可能隐藏在海王星后面

来源: 作者:admin 2018-09-05 14:50:25

 
©Caltech / R. 伤害(IPAC) “星球九号”的艺术家插图,一个比地球大10倍的假想世界。第九行星的证据继续增加,但科学家们尚未发现它的原因可能还有很多 - 它可能正在隐藏。

2017年10月,美国国家航空航天局发表声明称,九号行星距太阳的距离可能比海王星高20倍,甚至可以说“现在很难想象我们的太阳系没有一颗行星九而不是一颗行星”。

但它可能尚未被发现的原因是由于相同的距离。在那个距离,相当于600个天文单位(1 AU定义为地球和太阳之间的距离,或大约9300万英里),它将比海王星暗160,000倍。宾夕法尼亚州立大学的天文学家凯文卢赫曼告诉华盛顿邮报,在1000澳元,这是一个“砖墙,基本上”,使任何潜在的星球几乎不可能使用现有技术。

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然而,科学家认为,确实存在另一个行星的可能性,这个行星可能具有“地球质量的10倍”。

画廊:远,远:宇宙通过哈勃太空望远镜(照片服务)

 

 
 
 
 
Slide 5 of 75
Slide 6 of 75: STAR FORMING PILLAR OF GAS AND DUST CALLED THE CONE NEBULA (NGC 2264) PHOTOGRAPHED BY THE ADVANCED CAMERA FOR SURVEYS. THEY ARE THE CLEAREST IMAGES OF THE DISTANT UNIVERSE EVER SEEN BY MAN
Slide 7 of 75: On Monday April 25, 2005, NASA and ESA released new views of two of the most well-known images Hubble has ever taken: the Eagle Nebula, and spiral galaxy M51(NGC5194), known as the Whirlpool Galaxy.
Slide 8 of 75: In this handout image released from the Hubble Space Telescope the Eagle Nebula is seen, April 25, 2005.
Slide 9 of 75: In this image released by NASA, a dust ring, seen in red, surround the star Fomalhaut, that resides at the center of the image, and not visible to the human eye in this image.
Slide 10 of 75: This portrait of Stephan
Slide 11 of 75: The NASA Hubble Space Telescope image, which is even more dramatic than fiction, captures the chaotic activity atop a three-light-year-tall pillar of gas and dust that is being eaten away by the brilliant light from nearby bright stars. The pillar is also being assaulted from within, as infant stars buried inside it fire off jets of gas that can be seen streaming from towering peaks.
Slide 12 of 75: This image provided by NASA shows the Great Red Spot and Red Spot Jr. — in the turbulent Jovian atmosphere.
Slide 13 of 75: This image  from NASA
Slide 14 of 75: This 2003 image from the Hubble telescope, provided by NASA, shows a storm of turbulent gases in the Omega/Swan nebula.
Slide 15 of 75: This image provided by NASA Tuesday Oct. 2, 2007 shows a Hubble Space Telescope image of thousands of sparkling young stars nestled within the giant nebula NGC 3603.
Slide 16 of 75: This undated handout image provided by NASA, released Wednesday, Sept. 9, 2009, taken by the refurbished Hubble Space Telescope, shows Gravitational Lensing in Galaxy Cluster Abell 370.
Slide 17 of 75: This image provided by the Hubble Space Telescope shows the striking details of the famed planetary nebula designated NGC 2818, which lies in the southern constellation of Pyxis (the Compass).
Slide 18 of 75: In the direction of the constellation Canis Major, two spiral galaxies pass by each other like majestic ships in the night.
Slide 19 of 75: This view of the Crab Nebula in visible light comes from the Hubble Space Telescope and spans 12 light-years.
Slide 20 of 75: This image downloaded from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, ALMA, website, show antennae composite of ALMA and Hubble telescopes.
Slide 21 of 75: A new image of the sunward plunging Comet ISON suggests that the comet is intact despite some predictions that the fragile icy nucleus might disintegrate as the Sun warms it The comet will pass closest to the Sun on November 28.
Slide 22 of 75: This 2006 composite image provided by NASA shows thousands of stars forming in the cloud of gas and dust known as the Orion nebula, as viewed by the Hubble Space Telescope.
Slide 23 of 75: This is an image of MyCn18, a young planetary nebula located about 8,000 light years away,  as seen with the Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2 aboard NASA
Slide 24 of 75: Quadruple Saturn Moon Transit, photograph taken by the Hubble Space Telescope, of the four moons of Saturn passing in front of their parent planet.
Slide 25 of 75: This photograph of the coil-shaped Helix Nebula is one of the largest and most detailed celestial images ever made.
Slide 26 of 75: Resembling a diamond-encrusted bracelet, a ring of brilliant blue star clusters wraps around the yellowish nucleus of what was once a normal spiral galaxy in this new image from NASA
Slide 27 of 75: This photo, supplied by NASA and the European Space Agency on Monday, Dec. 11, 2006, shows Pismis 24-1, a bright young star that lies in the core of the small open star cluster Pismis 24, the bright stars in this Hubble Space Telescope image.
Slide 28 of 75: This image provided by NASA
Slide 29 of 75: The Galaxy Ugc 10214 Is Seen In This Picture Unveil By Astronomers April 30, 2002.
Slide 30 of 75: This portion of the Monkey Head Nebula was imaged in the infrared using Hubble
Slide 31 of 75: Swirls of gas and dust reside in this ethereal-looking region of star formation seen by NASA
Slide 32 of 75: This image made by the Hubble Space Telescope and released by NASA Thursday, April 24, 2008 shows the NGC 6670 pair of overlapping edge-on galaxies. Scientists believe that NGC 6670 has already experienced at least one close encounter and is now in the early stages of a second.
Slide 33 of 75: Hubble Space Telescope image of Barred spiral galaxy NGC 1300 taken in September 2004. It is located around 69 million light years from Earth in the constellation Eridanus.
Slide 34 of 75: Galaxy NGC 4214 NASA and the Hubble Heritage Team
Slide 35 of 75: NGC 602 and Beyond. Near the outskirts of the Small Magellanic Cloud, a satellite galaxy some 200 thousand light-years distant, lies 5 million year young star cluster NGC 602.
Slide 36 of 75: Spiral Galaxy NGC 5584. Amongst the myriad stars in spiral galaxy NGC 5584 are pulsating stars called Cepheid variables and one recent Type Ia supernova, a special class of exploding stars.
Slide 37 of 75: A huge, billowing pair of gas and dust clouds in Hubble Space Telescope image of the supermassive star Eta Carinae .
Slide 38 of 75: The delicate filaments are actually sheets of debris from a stellar explosion in a neighboring galaxy resemble the puffs of smoke and sparks from a summer fireworks display in this image from NASA
Slide 39 of 75: This image provided by NASA
Slide 40 of 75: (Crop) Protostar IRAS 20324 4057 resembles a Cosmic Caterpillar
Slide 41 of 75: A majestic face09/14/2009on spiral galaxy located deep within the Coma Cluster of galaxies, which lies 320 million light09/14/2009 years away in the northern constellation Coma Berenices. The galaxy, known as NGC 4911, contains rich lanes of dust and gas near its center.
Slide 42 of 75: This photo, released by NASA and the European Space Agency to commemorate the  Hubble Space Telescope completing its 100,000th orbit around the Earth in its 18th year of exploration and discovery, scientists have aimed Hubble to take a snapshot of a dazzling region of celestial birth and renewal. Hubble peered into a small portion of the nebula near the star cluster NGC 2074, top, on  Sunday,Aug.10, 2008.
Slide 43 of 75: The Bug Nebula, shown in this image released Thursday May 6, 2004 by NASA
Slide 44 of 75: 2 GALAXIES FROM THE CONSTELLATION COMA BERENICES CALLED
Slide 45 of 75: NASA
Slide 46 of 75: Light Echo From Star V838 Monocerotis
Slide 47 of 75: An Old Star Gives Up the Ghost
Slide 48 of 75
Slide 49 of 75
Slide 50 of 75: The Calabash Nebula, also known as the Rotten Egg Nebula, pictured here is a spectacular example of the death of a low-mass star like the sun. The star is seen going through a rapid transformation from a red giant to a planetary nebula, blowing its outer layers of gas and dust out into the surrounding space. Astronomers rarely capture a star in this phase of its evolution because it occurs within the blink of an eye — in astronomical terms.
Slide 51 of 75: This colorful bubble is a planetary nebula called NGC 6818, also known as the Little Gem Nebula. It is located roughly 6,000 light-years away in the constellation of Sagittarius.
Slide 52 of 75: This image captures the cosmic pairing of the star Hen 2-427, commonly known as WR 124, and the nebula M1-67 which surrounds it. Both objects are found in the constellation of Sagittarius and lie 15,000 light-years away. The nebula is estimated to be no more than 10,000 years old — just a baby in astronomical terms.
Slide 53 of 75: This picture of young stars flaring to life was released by NASA to commemorate a quarter century of solar system exploration by Hubble Space Telescope. Scientists aimed Hubble’s near-infrared Wide Field Camera 3 through a dusty veil covering the stellar nursery to capture the nebula and the dense concentration of stars in the central cluster. The star cluster is about 2 million years old and contains some of our galaxy’s hottest, brightest and most massive stars.
Slide 54 of 75: This shot shows a maelstrom of glowing gas and dark dust within one of the Milky Way’s satellite galaxies, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). At the heart of this cosmic cloud lies the butterfly-shaped Papillon Nebula, which is thought to be tightly linked to the early stages of massive star formation.
Slide 55 of 75: Dubbed a colorful holiday ornament in space, NGC 6326 is a planetary nebula with glowing wisps of outpouring gas that are lit up by a central star nearing the end of its life. This picture was taken using the Hubble Space Telescope’s Wide Field Planetary Camera 2.
Slide 56 of 75: This image shows the demise of a star like the sun. The star is ending its life by casting off its outer layers of gas, which formed a cocoon around the star
Slide 57 of 75: This image shows a spiral galaxy known as NGC 7331, located about 45 million light-years away. Facing us partially edge-on, the galaxy showcases its beautiful arms, which swirl like a whirlpool around its bright central region.
Slide 58 of 75: IC 342, one of the brightest in the sky, is nicknamed the “Hidden Galaxy” because of its obscure position next to the equator of the Milky Way’s galactic disk, which is thick with glowing cosmic gas, bright stars and dust. The galaxy, however, is active, as indicated by the range of colors seen in the image.
Slide 59 of 75: The spiral galaxy NGC 3521 has a soft, woolly appearance as it is a member of a class of galaxies known as flocculent spirals. Fluffy patches of stars and dust show up here and there throughout the disks in flocculent spirals. NGC 3521 is located almost 40 million light-years away in the constellation of Leo.
Slide 60 of 75: Lying about 500 million light-years away in the constellation of Sculptor, the cartwheel shape of this galaxy is the result of a violent galactic collision.
Slide 61 of 75: This image shows the center of the Lagoon Nebula in the constellation of Sagittarius. The region is filled with intense winds from hot stars, churning funnels of gas, and energetic star formation, all embedded within an intricate haze of gas and pitch-dark dust.
Slide 62 of 75: Large Magellanic Cloud is home to one of the largest and most intense regions of active star formation known to exist anywhere in our galactic neighborhood — the Tarantula Nebula. This image shows both the spindly, spidery filaments of gas that inspired the region’s name, and the intriguing structure of stacked “bubbles” that forms the Honeycomb Nebula (to the lower left).
Slide 63 of 75: Shown in this image is a small section of the expanding remains of a massive star, Veil Nebula, that exploded about 8,000 years ago. The debris is one of the best-known supernova remnants and derives its name from its delicate, draped filamentary structures. This close-up look unveils wisps of gas, which are all that remain of what was once a star 20 times more massive than the sun.
Slide 64 of 75: The two-lobed Red Spider Nebula harbors one of the hottest stars known and its winds generate waves that are 62.4 billion miles high. The atoms caught in the supersonic shocks caused by the waves emit the radiation seen in the picture.
Slide 65 of 75: An underlying population of infant stars embedded in the nebula NGC 346 are seen forming from gravitationally collapsing gas clouds.
Slide 66 of 75: Roughly 50 million light-years away lies a somewhat overlooked little galaxy named NGC 1559. Pictured here by Hubble’s Wide Field Camera 3, this barred spiral lies in the little-observed southern constellation of Reticulum (the Reticule).
Slide 67 of 75: This Hubble image shows the supernova remnant SNR 0509-68.7, also known as N103B. It is located 160,000 light-years from Earth in the neighboring galaxy of Large Magellanic Cloud. The actual supernova remnant is the irregular shaped dust cloud, at the upper center of the image. The gas in the lower half of the image and the dense concentration of stars in the lower left are the outskirts of the star cluster NGC 1850.
Slide 68 of 75: This image was released in celebration of Hubble Space Telescope
Slide 69 of 75: The
Slide 70 of 75: Image from NASA
Slide 71 of 75: NASA
Slide 72 of 75: A Hubble Space Telescope view of a very young star (between 300,000 and a million years of age) surrounded by material left over from the star
Slide 73 of 75: UNDATED: This NASA image shows ladder-like structures within a dying star. This new image, taken with NASA
Slide 74 of 75: These towering tendrils of cosmic dust and gas sit at the heart of M16, or the Eagle Nebula. The aptly named Pillars of Creation, featured in this stunning Hubble image, are part of an active star-forming region within the nebula and hide newborn stars in their wispy columns.
幻灯片75(共75张):在美国宇航局哈勃太空望远镜拍摄的这张照片中漂浮在天空中的彩色飘带是由一颗巨大恒星的巨大超新星爆炸产生的。 爆炸的恒星发出的光在320年前到达地球。 死星的遗体被称为Cassiopeia A,简称Cas A.  Cas A是我们银河系中最年轻的超新星遗迹,距离仙后座有10,000光年远。 因此,这颗恒星在17世纪后期光线到达地球之前实际爆炸了10000年。 这些图像是使用宽场和行星相机2拍摄的。
幻灯片1:75:哈勃望远镜25周年纪念

 

下一张幻灯片全屏

1/75幻灯片 ©NASA,ESA和哈勃SM4 ERO团队

在过去的25年里,哈勃太空望远镜一直是人类对不断扩张的宇宙的注视。望远镜一直负责捕捉有史以来最令人惊叹的宇宙图像。

加入我们,我们将观看宇宙的恒星挂毯,其中包含来自地球轨道天文台的一些标志性图像。

图为:蝴蝶从行星状星云NGC 6302中的恒星灭亡中浮现出来。类似于生物精致的翅膀实际上是在燃烧加热到超过36,000华氏度的燃气的大锅。天然气以超过600,000英里/小时的速度穿越太空,速度足以在24分钟内从地球到月球!

东京大学卡夫利物理与数学研究所副教授Surhud More告诉Advocator说:“每次我们拍照时,都有可能行星九存在于镜头中。”

Slashgear报告说,在发现这颗行星之前可能需要长达1000年的时间。

来自加州理工学院的迈克尔·布朗曾表示,他认为最终将会发现“九号星球”,但它将需要比目前更强大的望远镜和行星发现技术。

在2017年10月的声明中,与布朗合作的加州理工学院行星天体物理学家康斯坦丁·巴蒂金说,有五种不同的观测证据可以指出这个星球的存在。

五行证据是:

柯伊伯带中的六个已知物体,所有物体都具有指向相同方向的椭圆轨道。

物体的轨道都以相同的方式倾斜; 30度“向下”。

计算机模拟显示有更多物体“相对于太阳平面倾斜”。

行星九可能是我们太阳系中行星倾斜的原因; 与太阳的赤道相比,行星轨道的平面倾斜约6度

来自柯伊伯带的一些物体在与太阳系中其他物体相反的方向上运行。

“没有其他模型可以解释这些高倾角轨道的怪异,”Batygin补充道。“事实证明,第九行星为他们这一代人提供了一条自然的途径。这些东西在第九行星的帮助下被扭曲出太阳系飞机,然后由海王星向内散射。”

 

海王星,海王星。 (摄影:QAI Publishing / UIG via Getty Images)

 

海王星,海王星。(图片来源:QAI Publishing / UIG via Getty Images)“如果你要删除这个解释并想象Planet Nine不存在,那么你产生的问题比你解决的更多,”Batygin也说。“突然间,你有五个不同的谜题,你必须提出五种不同的理论来解释它们。”

他们的工作发表在2016年1月的论文中,可以在这里完整阅读。

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